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The Essence of "Controlled Experiment"

One of the hallmark of science is the presence of a control set in an experiment. Sometimes this modality is known as "randomized trial and error". Many science teachers in elementary schools are cognizant of that and always try to "teach" students what does "control set" really mean.  Alas, the nature of this "controlled experiment" technique is very subtle and not easy to be grasped. I myself made the mistake to gloss over it for decades. Until very recently I had an epiphany on the real essence of "controlled experiment". For example, if we want to know if water is a vital ingredient for photosynthesis, we build 2 sets of plants, one with water and another without (while keeping the remaining variables fixed for both plants). The corollary is that 1 of the 2 sets of plants must be able to grow. If it is the one with water hence it is self evidential that water is required, if it is the one without water then it is otherwise.  It so

What I wish I'd known when I was 20

  The following are some examples of things I wish I'd known or done when I was 20 in year 2013 (This advice is suitable for people who were born in year 2003 and beyond) - Be careful of popular things like law, medicine, accounting (translating into 2023 it might be something like web 3.0, crypto, data science). They are not necessarily bad, but think twice because you are gonna be sucked into the prestige magnet - Always aim for the super long term. Want to have a girlfriend/boyfriend? Ask yourselves if you could still live with such a person 10 years later? Want to choose a career? Ask yourselves could you stand doing that thing consistently for 10 years. If the answer is not a solid yes then they are not your right partner or your right career. - Dare to give harsh criticisms to friends and family. Being too nice to them in the short term by sugar coating is actually harming them in the long run. By being truthfully harsh to people around you, they also tell you the truth in r

Problem-solvers vs. Problem-solved-ers

I wish people talk more about the difference between a problem-solver and a problem-solved-er. The latter is a person whose sole motive is to get rid of problems at all costs. You would find such a person agonizes at every step and every second during the actual problem solving process. Never for a second he would marvel at the odd idea of "problems are fun as they challenge you and push your limits". "Equating the word 'problems' with 'fun'? You can't be any more lunatic!", he said.  The former, while caring about getting a problem solved at the very end (because otherwise he is just a lazy-bum who never gets anything done), derives equal amount of (if not more) delight from the apparently gnawing problem on his hand.  For a problem-solved-er, the sole reason to bend over backwards is the final reward of "problem solved". Anything before that is excruciating evil. For a problem-solver, the struggle during the problem-solving process is